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The Early Symbolization and the Transition to Literacy Project (1976-1989) was a group of
closely related studies, all of which centered on the study of representation capacities
in younger children. The original longitudinal study followed closely the development of
young children, specifically the maturation of symbolic capacities in each of several
areas, and built a model for early symbolic development. A second study addressed
different patterns of symbolic development and focused on the onset and growth of symbol
use in fifty school-age children. Selected readings Davidson, L., McKernon, P., & Gardner, H. (1981). The acquisition of song: A developmental approach. Documentary Report of the Ann Arbor Symposium: Application of Psychology to the Teaching and Learning of Music. Music Educators National Conference, Reston, VA. Gardner, H. (1979). Developmental psychology after Piaget: An approach in terms of symbolization. Human Development, 22, 73-88. Gardner, H. (1985). The development of symbolic literacy. In M. Wrolstad and D. Fisher (Eds.), Toward a greater understanding of literacy, 4, 319-333. Gardner, H. (1998). Extraordinary cognitive achievements: A symbol systems approach. In W. Damon (Editor-in-chief) & R. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology, 5th ed., Vol. 1, (415-466). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Gardner, H., & Wolf, D. (1979). Dimensions of early symbol use. New Directions for Child Development, 3, viii-xi. Gardner, H., & Wolf, D. (1983). Waves and streams of symbolization. In D. Rogers, & J.A. Sloboda (Eds.), The acquisition of symbolic skills. London: Plenum Press. Scarlett, W.G., & Wolf, D. (1979). When it's only make-believe: The construction of a boundary between fantasy and reality in storytelling. New Directions for Child Development, 6, 29-40. Shotwell, J., Wolf, D., & Gardner, H. (1980). Styles of achievement in early symbolization. In M. Forster and S. Brandes (Eds.), Symbol as sense: New approaches to the analysis of meaning. New York: Academic Press. Wolf, D., Davidson, L., Davis, M., Walters, J., Hodges, M., & Scripp, L. (1988). Beyond A, B, C: A broader and deeper view of literacy. In A.D. Pellegrini (Ed.), Psychological bases for early education. New York: Wiley. Wolf, D., & Gardner, H. (1979). Style and sequence in early symbolic play. In M. Franklin and N.R. Smith (Eds.), Symbolic functioning in childhood. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. Wolf, D., & Gardner, H. (1981). On the structure of early symbolization. In R. Schiefelbusch and D. Bricker (Eds.), Early language: Acquisition and intervention. University Park, MD: University Park Press. Wolf, D., & Grollman, S. (1983). Ways of playing. In K. Rubin and D. Pepler (Eds.), The play of children: Current theory and research. New York: Karger. |
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