This section addresses students' tendency to notice effects in one direction only. It helps students understand that two-way or mutual causal relationships describe many interdependencies in the ecosystem.

Section 5 Table of Contents

• Understanding Goals
• Background Information
• Lesson Plan: Exploring Instances of Two-Way Causality in Ecosystems
  • Analyze Thinking
  • RECAST Thinking
  • Explore Causality
  • Review, Extend, Apply
• Reinforcement Activities
• Resources for Section 5
  • Symbiosis Sheet (PDF: 734 KB / 2 pages / 8½" X 11")
  • StarLogo Simulations 1 and 2 Accompanying Materials
    • Simulation #1 (Right-click on link and select "Save Target As..." or "Save Link As..." to download StarLogo file. Make sure that you have already downloaded StarLogo from http://www.media.mit.edu/starlogo/.)
    • Simulation #2 (Right-click on link and select "Save Target As..." or "Save Link As..." to download StarLogo file. Make sure that you have already downloaded StarLogo from http://www.media.mit.edu/starlogo/.)
    • General Instructions: StarLogo Simulations (PDF: 547 KB / 4 pages / 8½" X 11")
    • Student Guide Sheet (PDF: 117 KB / 4 pages / 8½" X 11")
    • Teacher Guide Sheet (PDF: 158 KB / 4 pages / 8½" X 11")
  • What is Two-Way Causality? Sheet (PDF: 88 KB / 1 page / 8½" X 11")
• Endnotes for Section 5